A water-soluble compound critical to cellular metabolism. It can store chemical energy for a short time (seconds to minutes) and then release that energy to support cellular processes (ATP → ADP + work + heat). The energy is derived from the electrons removed during the cellular catabolism of carbohydrate, fatty acids and amino acids. These electrons are used to reduce oxygen to water in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In this process energy is stored in the terminal phosphate bond when adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is reconverted to ATP. (NJB)
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