We cannot see the moon, which reflects the light from the sun, when sunlight falling on it is not visible form the Earth, or when something comes in the way of the reflected light. The first phenomenon occurs every four weeks at new moon. At this time, the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun. It reflects the light, but from the 'invisible side' so that we cannot see its illuminated surface. The second phenomenon occurs during a lunar eclipse. In this case, the Earth is positioned on a straight line between the sun and the moon, and consequently the sunlight does not fall on the moon.
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